Program Budgeting Essay Example for Free

Program Budgeting Essay In the general aspect of organizational management, the leaders and concerned authorities of each organization develop effective means of maximizing and properly allocating the important resources and elements existing in an organization for the benefit of the group. In this aspect, leaders aim to critically analyze and understand the processes involved in the organizational structure, the aims and pursuits of the group, the required costs and the available resources, and the issues in the organizations pursuit of achieving their common interest. In particular to this concern is the development of an effective and efficient budget allocation in terms of the production process of the organization. In this aspect, managers aim to develop an organized and realistic budget to govern the processes of the group for the aim of maximizing their capital and resources towards the achievement of their common goal. In the actual application of budget management, different approaches and strategies are used based specifically on the concern and characteristic of the organization and the process on which it will be applied on. Indeed, each budget target specific issues and concern on the organization on particular perspective such as on the micro, mezzo, or macro level. However, considering the actual application of these budget system, certain organization issues and concepts often hinder this pursuit namely on the political concern. One of which is the actual impact of constrain and limitations in the expenditure and use of resources in the budget to incorporate actual figures. In relation to this issue is the accuracy of the budget projection on the organization on which, certain aspects and field tend to be inconsistent on the concern of the budget. Another large factor also in the application of budget is the impact of the political framework already existing inside the organization. In actual view, the framework of the organization is largely based on political concepts on which, budget adjustments and changes will result significant reaction from this ground. Often, political parties inside the organization tend to react against the proposal as they view this concern to be unjustified and unequal to the general concern. In particular also to this is the impact of the budget allotment to the higher management in which they must also similarly comply with as part of the organization. Another is that other group in terms of political segregation can postulate underlying reasons for the budget application, which are significantly detrimental to the ideal concern of the budget management. Indeed, among also the important concern in the actual application of budget management are the factors of the views, interpretation, and understanding of the organization towards its concern, which are influential to the practice and adherence to the budget, implemented.

marriages Essay -- essays research papers

Everyone knows how hard it is to find a mate for marriage. Having said that, each person is free to decide how the mate selection will take place. Some people would rather conduct this selection by themselves, without any help, while others prefer to get help from someone else, like their parents or a matchmaker. Before continuing it is wise to make a distinction between the traditional arranged marriage and the modern definition of an arranged marriage. The arranged marriages that happen by tradition in parts of Africa, most of Asia and a good portion of Eastern Europe are determined by the parents without the consent of the future couple. The modern view is very different from traditional view. Today's definition makes a distinct emphasis on choice, courtship and convenience. In most instances it is a service, provided by an agency, or a good friend. The purpose is to find a compatible mate, with the greatest number of similarities and the same primary objective: marriage. This te xt will compare and contrast some of the advantages and disadvantages of today's version of the arranged marriage. It is clear that the concept itself is controversial. Some people find it cold and little romantic to choose your lifelong partner using this method. Most young people tend to believe that the only way to choose a mate is to date until you fall in love plan a wedding and get married. This point of view is not very realistic if we define marriage as a lifelong commitment. If the young...

Healthcare Setting Essay

In the healthcare setting today decubitus ulcers (pressure sore) represent an ongoing challenge to health care professionals providing care to patients in different health-care settings. The incidence of decubitus ulcers estimates 1 to 3 million people in the United States each year. The National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP) defines prevalence as â€Å"a proportion of persons who have a pressure ulcer at a specific point in time.†Prevalence of pressure sores in the United States is widespread in all settings, with estimates of 10% to 18% in acute care, 2.3% to 28% in long-term care, and 0% to 29% in home care. The burden of having a pressure ulcer is high, in physical, emotional, and financial terms. Data from 1999 indicate that the cost of treating pressure ulcers may range from $5 to $8.5 billion annually, and this equates to approximately $9.2 to $15.6 billion in 2008. The AHRQ reported that pressure ulcer-related hospitalizations ranged from 13 to 14 days and cost $16,755 to $20,430, compared with the average stay of 5 days and cost of approximately $10,000. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services reports that the cost of treating a pressure ulcer in acute care (as a secondary diagnosis) is $43,180 per hospital stay. Contributing cost factors include increased length of stay because of pressure sore complications, such as pain, infection, high-tech support surfaces, and decreased functional ability. Barbara Braden collaborated with Nancy Bergstrom in 1987 to develop Braden Scale for Predicting Pressure Ulcer Risk. The purpose of the scale is to help health professionals, especially nurses, to assess a patient’s risk of developing a pressure ulcer. In their study, the tool was tested in a multisite clinical trial involving hospitals, Veterans Administration (VA) medical centers and skilled nursing facilities. This research has proven to be effective in identifying and preventing pressure sores in high risk patient population. The Braden Scale is now the most widely tools used for predicting the risk of development of pressure sores. The Braden scale assesses a patient’s risk of developing a pressure ulcer by examining six criteria i.e. sensory perception, Moisture, Activity, Mobility, Nutrition and Friction and Shear. Based on the findings of the Braden scale strategies could be employed to prevent the development of pressure sores in high risk.

The Death Toll Of Haiti - 933 Words

It was typical late afternoon in Haiti capital of Port-au-Prince. People were strolling the streets, and local vendors were selling various goods at the Port-au-Prince historic Iron Market. Then at 4:53 pm on January 12, 2010 a 7.0 magnitude hit Haiti. Haiti had not seen a major earthquake like this in almost 200 years. People scrambled through the streets as the ground roared knocking down huge stone and brick building onto the streets of Port-au-Prince. An eyewitness describes the moment that the earthquake hit, â€Å"The earth screamed; a sound of thunder that came from its belly as it violently shook the plants, the car, the walls, the pavement that I stood on. I called out to everyone to walk out of the house quickly. It seemed like a long, long time. Then silence. Then screams from some of the residents of the rural neighborhood† (Clesca, 2010). This would be one of the deadliest earthquake of our generation. The estimated death toll was 316,000 deaths, and over 3 millio n people were displaced by the earthquake. Many people died when their dwelling collapsed and they were trapped under the rumble. People also died from falling objects, such as large building materials. This earthquake will ultimately change the structured of Haiti and leave many residents asking, who is responsible for the huge loss of life? As I have mention above, Haiti has not been hit by a major earthquake since the 18th century. Geologists first believed that Caribbean tectonic plates were responsibleShow MoreRelatedEarthquakes : The Most Unpredictable Types Of Natural Disasters Essay1454 Words   |  6 Pagesdeveloped parts of the world like Chile. On the other hand, undeveloped parts of the world like Haiti do not have laws and regulations that enforce the construction of earthquake proof buildings and roads. In 2010 we saw how government, preparedness, and infrastructure play a key role in how many fatalities and damage occurs. In Haiti the lack of earthquake regulations a nd poor infrastructure led to a bigger death toll and greater damage being done than the earthquake that struck Chile in 2010. Why do EarthquakesRead MoreThe Disaster Of A Earthquake1604 Words   |  7 Pages2010 was an active year for earthquakes and other natural disasters, racking up a total of four earthquakes ranked 7.0 or higher. Two of these quakes were merely a month apart, and started the year in a very destructive way. The first was a 7.0 in Haiti, the second over 3,000 miles away in Chile, an 8.8. Though both ravaged their countries, one was decidedly more devastating than the other. 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Within the characters in these stories, she describes the inequality, crueltyRead MoreHaiti And Natural Disaster : Causes And Natural Disaster1026 Words   |  5 Pagesan earthquake with a 7.0 magnitude struck Haiti leaving more than 1 million people homeless, 300000 injured and an estimated number of 316000 deceased. This paper will discuss how Haiti in 2010 could have been more prepared for the earthquake with the building standards being adequate, having an advantage of support by Haitian government and abundant response to those in need, as well as more coordinated help from other countries. One of the reasons Haiti had suffered such catastrophic damages isRead MoreWho copes better with Earthquakes: HICs or LICs1370 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Who copes better with Earthquakes: HIC or LIC? This report will focus on examples of different earthquakes happening around the world and explain why some countries cope better than others. 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According to the Exploratorium Museum’s Website, the toll that earths have on the population and infrastructures vary from place to place, even if the earthquakes